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} |} USS ''President'' was a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy, nominally rated at 44 guns. George Washington named her to reflect a principle of the United States Constitution. She was launched in April 1800 from a shipyard in New York City. ''President'' was one of the original six frigates whose construction the Naval Act of 1794 had authorized, and she was the last to be completed. Joshua Humphreys designed these frigates to be the young Navy's capital ships, and so ''President'' and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed and built than standard frigates of the period. Forman Cheeseman, and later Christian Bergh were in charge of her construction. Her first duties with the newly formed United States Navy were to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to engage in a punitive expedition against the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War. On 16 May 1811, ''President'' was at the center of the Little Belt Affair; her crew mistakenly identified as , which had impressed an American seaman. The ships exchanged cannon fire for several minutes. Subsequent U.S. and Royal Navy investigations placed responsibility for the attack on each other without a resolution. The incident contributed to tensions between the U.S. and Great Britain that led to the War of 1812. During the war, ''President'' made several extended cruises, patrolling as far away as the English Channel and Norway; she captured the armed schooner and numerous merchant ships. In January 1815, after having been blockaded in New York for a year by the Royal Navy, ''President'' attempted to run the blockade, and was chased by a blockading squadron. During the chase, she was engaged and crippled by the frigate off the coast of the city. The British squadron captured ''President'' soon after, and the Royal Navy took her into service as HMS ''President'' until she was broken up in 1818. ''President''s design was copied and used to build the next in 1829. ==Design and construction== (詳細はmerchant vessels began to fall prey to Barbary Pirates in the Mediterranean, most notably from Algiers. Congress's response was the Naval Act of 1794.〔Allen (1909), pp. 41–42.〕 The Act provided funds for the construction of six frigates; however, it included a clause stating that construction of the ships would cease if the United States agreed to peace terms with Algiers.〔Beach (1986), p. 29.〕〔''An Act to provide a Naval Armament''. (1794). Library of Congress. Retrieved 17 February 2011.〕 Joshua Humphreys' design was long on keel and narrow of beam (width) to allow for mounting very heavy guns. The design incorporated a diagonal scantling (rib) scheme to limit hogging (warping); the ships were given extremely heavy planking. This gave the hull greater strength than those of more lightly built frigates. Humphreys developed his design after realizing that the fledgling United States Navy could not match the navies of the European states for size. He therefore designed his frigates to be able to overpower other frigates, but with the speed to escape from a ship of the line.〔Toll (2006), pp. 49–53.〕〔Beach (1986), pp. 29–30, 33.〕〔Allen (1909), pp. 42–45.〕 George Washington named ''President'' in order to reflect a principle of the United States Constitution.〔〔Toll (2006), p. 61.〕 In March 1796, before ''President''s keel could be laid down, a peace accord was announced between the United States and Algiers. Construction was suspended in accordance with the Naval Act of 1794.〔〔 At the onset of the Quasi-War with France in 1798, funds were approved to complete her construction, and her keel was laid at a shipyard in New York City. Her original naval constructor was Forman Cheeseman and the superintendent was Captain Silas Talbot.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Naval History & Heritage Command )〕〔Toll (2006), p. 107.〕 Based on experience Humphreys gained during construction of ''President''s sister ships, and , he instructed Cheeseman to make alterations to the frigate's design. These included raising the gun deck by and moving the main mast further rearward.〔 ''President'' was built to a length of between perpendiculars and a beam of . Although construction was begun at New York in the shipyard of Foreman Cheesman, work on her was discontinued in 1796. Construction resumed in 1798, under Christian Bergh and naval constructor William Doughty.〔Canney, Donald (2001), Sailing Warships of the US Navy p. 38.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS President (1800)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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